......POURUSHALA PURITI GADDA........

[AP Guy]

POURUSHALA PURITI GADDA......MA POTHU GADDA.........PALNADU and GUNTUR JILLA ROCKS ANTHE
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[center][size=18pt][color=red]Battle of Palnadu[/color][/size]
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Palnadu (Probably Pallavanadu) was a part of Kamma Rashtra. It lies to east of Srisailam and to the South of the Krishna river.

The story of the veera charitra of Palnadu starts with one Anuguraju of Haihaya clan from a place called Jambhanapuri (Modern Jabalpur) coming on a pilgrimage to Andhra to mitigate his ancestral sins. It was said after having bath in the sea near Motupalli, his black clothes turned into white indicating he was purified from his sins. The local Chola king gave his daughter Mylamma in marriage to Anuguraju who was already having two wives and gave palnadu as dowry (Aranam). Anuguraju started living in the capital city Gurajala along with his minister Dodda Naidu.

Dodda Naidu's eldest son Bada Raju was adopted and intially made successor by Anuguraju as he was childless for a long time. But later on he had Nalagama raju and Narasimha Raju with his elder wives and Malideva Raju with Mylamma. After the death of Anuguraju and Dodda Naidu, dispute broke out between the sons of Anuguraju .Nalagama put his claim stating he was eldest while Malideva argued the kingdom was his mothers property .Finally Brahma Naidu,second son of Dodda Naidu,who succeeded his father made Nalagama as the king with Malideva as Yuvaraja and started to rule Palnadu on their behalf,as they were too young.

Veerasaivism was established by Basaveswara in early 11th century in kalyani in North Karnataka. It preaches superiority of Lord Shiva over other gods and irrespective of caste, one can achieve superiority by just worshiping Lord Shiva. This religion went down well with the lower castes who saw an oppurtunity to break the iron shackles of caste and climb up in the caste heirarchy. Finally there was religious unrest in Karnataka between Jains and Veerasaivas which finally led to a civil war in which the Jain king Kalachuri Bijjala was also brutally killed.

In the neighbouring Andhra also there was impact of veerasaivism and lot of farmers and artisans converted to veerasaivism and under its influence overcame the inferiority thrust upon them by the rulers and priests, gained in confidence and were waiting for an oppurtunity to have their share of wealth and power.

One such farmer widow lady Nagamma had a chance to entertain the king Nalagama when he was on a hunting trip. She made good rapport with the king and slowly started visting the court at Gurazala.Shrewd,cunning and intelligent, She slowly gained the confidence of the king.Under her spell the king who used to very highly respect Brahma Naidu, started ignoring him and even tried to imprison his step brother Malideva.Realising the situation,Brahmanaidu persuaded the king to divide the kingdom and built a New capital city Mahadevicherla or Macherla, on the bank of the river chandra vanka , shifted to Macherla along with his relatives and followers and crowned Mallideva as the king.

Brahmanaidu was a very highly respected person of his times.He was a indomitable warrior,scholar and reformer.He was a staunch vaishnavite and founded a new sect called Veera vaishnavism to counter Veera Saivaism.While Veera saivaism allowed the sudra castes into its fold disallowing the untouchbles,Brahmanaidu even opened his doors to this under priviliged people.To eradicate the caste system he started a reform called "chapakudu" where the people of all communities will eat a single heap of rice poured on a chapa or mat.He adopted children from lower castes like barbers,washermen etc,.and brought them up along with his own son Balachandra. He even made a untouchble kannamadasu ,Supreme commander of his army, which was unimaginable in those times.

Because of all these activities Brahmanaidu was hailed as "Vishnu" of Palnadu. Brahmanaidu captured the fort of Shimoga which was a strong hold of Veerashaivas on the request of King of kalyani and the Kannada king in a thanksgiving gesture, gave his daughter Siramadevi to Mallideva in marriage.

All these developments infuriated Nagamma.She poisoned the king's mind by preaching him that a powerful neighbour is always a cause of concern. As beating Macherla by fair means was out of their capability,they hatched a plan based on the fondness of Brahma Naidu for cockfight.They invited Brahma Naidu and Mallideva for a festival and challenged them for a game of cockfight.In the final bout Brahma Naidu's cock was killed tactically by Nagamma by applying poison to the knife tied to the leg of Nagamma's cock.As per the wager Brahma Naidu and his people gave up their kingdom and set out for exile (Vana Vaasam ) for seven years.After seven years Nagamma refused to return Macherla and thus the Battle of Palnadu began around 1180 AD at Karempudi on the bank of Naguleru.

There was heavy loss of life on both sides.Balachandra,Brahma Naidu's son and a boy of sixteen years fought like Abhimanyu in the Mahabharata war, before being killed in the battle.He and many others became folk heroes.Finally Brahmanaidu won the war but Malideva was killed. As Nalagama and Nagamma surrendered Brahma Naidu forgave them and made Nalagama as king again and went into the mountains (called 'Guttikonda Bilam' near Karempudi)for penace.

The battle of Palnadu closely resembles the mythological Mahabharata war fought at Kurukshetra.It was fought for territory between two cousins and almost all the kings of Southern India took part in it. But its implications were tremendous and in a way changed the course of Andhra history.Politically the Kakatiyas were able to bring the whole of Andhra under one flag (nearly a thousand years after the Satavahanas),because all the local kings were weakened by this catastrophic war.Socially,it was the begining of the end of the monopoly of the warrior community (The Kammas) as rulers and fighters.In fact the Kammas were fragmented into a new caste,viz velama with Brahma Naidu as its founder. The influence of agrarian communities started to rise. Among the untouchables, the mala community, the section to which Kannamadasu belongs (whom Brahma Naidu adopted with the title KannamaNeedu), the lowest in those times, started to claim superiority over other sections like the Madigas, who were famous as Gosangi Veerulu . This is a classical example of the peculiar dynamics of the caste system. The malas even stopped doing some menial tasks like scavenging and cremating dead bodies, particularly in the Palnadu area. Some of the Malas even became priests in some vishnu temples and continue even today as such.

[Deletedid1]

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[AP Guy]

[quote author=ChittinnaraNaidu link=topic=161079.msg1926774#msg1926774 date=1298833844]
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[chelsea]

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[chinnari]

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[size=18pt]Guntur was successively ruled by famous dynasties such as the

Satavahanas,
Andhra Ikshvakus,
Pallavas,
Ananda Gotrikas,
Vishnukundina,
Kota Vamsa,
Chalukyas,
Cholas,
Kakatiyas,
Vijayanagara and Qutb Shahis during ancient and medieval times.

The famous battle of Palnadu which is enshrined in legend and literature as Palnati Yuddham was fought in Guntur district in 1180.[/size]

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[AP Guy]

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