Tati Chettu Tingar

[Tatichettu_Tingarodu]

[size=4][font=comic sans ms,cursive][color=#000000]The sap is extracted and collected by a tapper. Typically the sap is collected from the cut flower of the palm tree. A container is fastened to the flower stump to collect the sap. The white liquid that initially collects tends to be very sweet and non-[/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage"][color=#000000]alcoholic[/color][/url][color=#000000] before it is [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_%28food%29"][color=#000000]fermented[/color][/url][color=#000000]. An alternate method is the felling of the entire tree. Where this is practiced, a fire is sometimes lit at the cut end to facilitate the collection of sap. Palm wine tapping is mentioned in the novel [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Things_Fall_Apart"][color=#000000]Things Fall Apart[/color][/url][color=#000000] by the [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria"][color=#000000]Nigerian[/color][/url][color=#000000] writer [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinua_Achebe"][color=#000000]Chinua Achebe[/color][/url][color=#000000] and is central to the plot of the groundbreaking novel [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Palm_Wine_Drinkard"][color=#000000]The Palm Wine Drinkard[/color][/url][color=#000000] by Nigerian author [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amos_Tutuola"][color=#000000]Amos Tutuola[/color][/url][color=#000000].[/color][/font][/size]
[size=4][font=comic sans ms,cursive][color=#000000]In parts of India, the unfermented sap is called [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neera"][color=#000000]neera[/color][/url][color=#000000] (padaneer in Tamil Nadu) and is refrigerated, stored and distributed by semi-government agencies. A little [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_%28mineral%29"][color=#000000]lime[/color][/url][color=#000000] is added to the sap to prevent it from fermenting. Neera is said to contain many nutrients including potash. Palm sap begins fermenting immediately after collection, due to natural [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast"][color=#000000]yeasts[/color][/url][color=#000000] in the air (often spurred by residual yeast left in the collecting container). Within two hours, fermentation yields an aromatic [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine"][color=#000000]wine[/color][/url][color=#000000] of up to 4% alcohol content, mildly [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_intoxication"][color=#000000]intoxicating[/color][/url][color=#000000] and sweet. The wine may be allowed to ferment longer, up to a day, to yield a stronger, more sour and acidic taste, which some people prefer. Longer fermentation produces [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinegar"][color=#000000]vinegar[/color][/url][color=#000000] instead of stronger wine.[/color][sup][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_wine#cite_note-4"][color=#000000][5][/color][/url][/sup][color=#000000] [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Sangams"][color=#000000]Tamil Sangam[/color][/url][color=#000000] literature contains many references to Toddy (kallu) and [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirukku%E1%B9%9Ba%E1%B8%B7"][color=#000000]Tirukkuṛaḷ[/color][/url][color=#000000] contains a chapter on "Abhorrence of Toddy".[/color][/font][/size]
[size=4][font=comic sans ms,cursive][color=#000000]In Africa, the sap used to create palm wine is most often taken from wild [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date_%28fruit%29"][color=#000000]datepalms[/color][/url][color=#000000] such as the [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_sylvestris"][color=#000000]silver date palm[/color][/url][color=#000000] (Phoenix sylvestris), the [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borassus"][color=#000000]palmyra[/color][/url][color=#000000], and the [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaggery"][color=#000000]jaggery[/color][/url][color=#000000] palm ([/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryota_urens"][color=#000000]Caryota urens[/color][/url][color=#000000]), or from [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_oil"][color=#000000]oil[/color][/url][color=#000000] palm such as the [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Oil_Palm"][color=#000000]African Oil Palm[/color][/url][color=#000000] (Elaeis guineense) or from [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffia_palm"][color=#000000]Raffia palms[/color][/url][color=#000000], [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kithul&action=edit&redlink=1"][color=#000000]kithul[/color][/url][color=#000000] palms, or [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nypa_fruticans"][color=#000000]nipa[/color][/url][color=#000000] palms. In India and South Asia, [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coconut"][color=#000000]coconut[/color][/url][color=#000000] palms and [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra_palm"][color=#000000]Palmyra palms[/color][/url][color=#000000] such as the [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecaceae"][color=#000000]Arecaceae[/color][/url][color=#000000] and [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borassus"][color=#000000]Borassus[/color][/url][color=#000000] are preferred. In [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Africa"][color=#000000]southern Africa[/color][/url][color=#000000], palm wine (ubusulu) is produced in Maputaland, an area in the south of [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique"][color=#000000]Mozambique[/color][/url][color=#000000] between the Lobombo mountains and the [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Ocean"][color=#000000]Indian Ocean[/color][/url][color=#000000]. It is mainly produced from the lala palm ([/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyphaene"][color=#000000]Hyphaene[/color][/url][color=#000000] coriacea) by cutting the stem and collecting the sap. In part of central and western [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo"][color=#000000]Democratic Republic of the Congo[/color][/url][color=#000000], palm wine is called malafu. There are four types of palm wine in the central and southern DRC. From the oil palm comes ngasi, dibondo comes from the [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffia_palm"][color=#000000]raffia palm[/color][/url][color=#000000], cocoti from the coconut palm, and mahusu from a short palm which grows in the savannah areas of western [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandundu_%28province%29"][color=#000000]Bandundu[/color][/url][color=#000000] and [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasai_region"][color=#000000]Kasai[/color][/url][color=#000000] provinces.[/color][/font][/size]
[size=4][font=comic sans ms,cursive][color=#000000]In [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuvalu"][color=#000000]Tuvalu[/color][/url][color=#000000], the process of making toddy can clearly be seen with tapped palm trees that line [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funafuti_International_Airport"][color=#000000]Funafuti International Airport[/color][/url][color=#000000].[/color][/font][/size]
[size=4][font=comic sans ms,cursive][color=#000000]In some areas of India, palm wine is [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporation"][color=#000000]evaporated[/color][/url][color=#000000] to produce the unrefined sugar called [/color][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaggery"][color=#000000]jaggery[/color][/url][color=#000000].[/color][/font][/size]