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3 Things We Can Do To Stop Ebola

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when a few weeks ago we gave you a primer on the bowler
0:13
virus responsible for nearly five thousand deaths this year in West Africa
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now an isolated case is popping up the US and Spain the question on everybody's
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mind
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is how do we stop the spread people in the media have been proper ring all
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kinds a
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sensible sounding suggestions that turn out to be not so sensible
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like one on screen everybody who's traveling out of the hottest in the a
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bowl hot zones and also what about treating the people who are already
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infected and where's the vaccine
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the fact is we're going on all these things but a science is hard sometimes
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in airports around the world for Sabah health officials are screening high-risk
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passengers travelling from the epicenter of the outbreak
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liberia Guinea and Sierra Leone they do this using simple
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infrared thermometers I think I knew doctors office fever is one of the
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earliest symptoms are people infection so any passenger found to have a
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temperature higher than 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit is then tested forty Bowl a
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virus
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through a blood test but obviously stopping thousands of travelers just to
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take their temperature leaves loopholes that are big enough to fly jumbo jets
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through
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for one thing the ball a virus can incubate in a person's body for up to 21
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days
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that means a passenger can be infected with the bowl and not show any symptoms
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for up to three weeks and of course is someone happens to be a little bit warm
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and take some Tylenol or something it will reduce the fever
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thereby masking the symptom that's being screened for
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to have a beer isn't a reliable indicator an infection what is
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3 no escape to the second step the screening a plumber is chain reaction or
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PCR test
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is like basically DNA photocopying PCR works by finding trace amount to be both
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the DNA in a blood sample and replicating it over and over again until
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there's enough DNA to be detected by a microscope because PCR can magnify tiny
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trace amount to be below the DNA it's really good at detecting the bowler in
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patients that
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aren't showing symptoms yet so why not just test everybody's blood is coming
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out west africa
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I just because it's extremely impractical each test cops around a
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hundred dollars to conduct
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each sample blood needs to be transferred on ice to lab where lab
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workers computers and other are
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where contested and even then it take several hours to analyze each sample
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also isn't perfect
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it has a false negative rate 0.4 percent I mean that every 1,000 people four
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could have a beloved test negative for it the good news though is that if a
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person has a bowler but they are not showing symptoms they are not contagious
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though even if you're on a flight was somebody who has the BOA but they don't
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have the same time they're not gonna give it to you
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it's not gonna keep be bought out of another country but it is going to
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prevent everyone on the plane from getting it we do live in a world where
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some people are going to get a bowler so we have to start looking at how we can
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treat them
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can we help them recover again we have options and we're using that mean a fam
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the Dallas nurse who contracted the boy was able to recover in part
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because she was given what's known as a convalescent serum as he removed came
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from someone who had recovered from the same infection
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in Pam's case she was given blood plasma from doctor can Brantley an American
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doctor who survived the bowler earlier this year
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and Bradley and turn survived partly because he received serum from a
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14-year-old boy he had treated in liberia museums work because the
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survivors blood is a rich
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in antibodies that know how to fight the virus for those individual cases
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it was an elegant solution become a lesson seems don't always work in the
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also run the risk of transmitting
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other blood-borne diseases like HIV or hepatitis to the recipients lost their
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the enormous challenges are finding a way that is both safe and feasible to
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bank the blood of people who had survived the ball
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unsurprisingly this is much easier to do in america
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where we have a complicated medical infrastructure than it is in like West
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Africa for example
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which it is one of the reasons why a bowl is actually pretty survivable
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if you have it in america abortion in the vast majority people infected people
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are not in places with complicated medical infrastructure so drug companies
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are developing
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other therapeutic medicines like the experimental treatment called the map
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the map is made by injecting mice with the protein from the bowl a virus
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the mice then produce antibodies to cripple the viral protein and scientists
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then genetically modify those antibodies for human use
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by combining them with fragments of human antibody stop by this technique
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has successfully treated primate infected with ebola and preliminary
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results suggest that it's effective in people to
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but still as promising as on these treatments sound we haven't found that
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silvery esta silver bullets that everybody's looking for
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a vac
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team actually la tabla vaccines in development right now with the one
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that's far this too long as being engineered by a pharmaceutical company
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GlaxoSmithKline with the National Institutes of Health
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is acting takes a non lethal virus and spices annabella gene
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into it when the immune system response to this non lethal virus it develops
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antibodies that will work against to living
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bball a virus so far this approach has proven successful in protecting primates
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and other animals as for people NIH scientists just began testing it on
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humans last month
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and won't have the results until November meanwhile Canada's Public
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Health Agency has a similar vaccine that's ready for human testing the crazy
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thing is
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their vaccine has been sitting on a shelf for nearly a decade
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scientist tested successfully on primates in 2005 and published a report
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about it in journal Nature
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it was all ready for human testing but there wasn't enough money to fund the
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trials because a bowl ok just wasn't that common in 2005
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now this year's outbreak has killed nearly 5,000 people the World Health
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Organization has put these vaccines on the fast track
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the Canadian government has shipped 800 vials with back seam to the WH 0 in
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Geneva for testing and GlaxoSmithKline estimates that it could begin a
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large-scale human trial involving twelve thousand liberians and 8,000 Sierra
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Leone Ian's
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in January if the trial is successful the first vaccine for a bowl it could be
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ready for release
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by April thanks for watching this episode a sideshow news if you wanna
5:36
help us share science with the world which we couldn't do without support
5:40
from people like you
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you can become a supporting subscriber it's a little dot com slash sideshow
5:44
and if you just want to keep getting smarter with us you need you to dot com
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slash I show and subscribed
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