California nurse tests positive over a week after receiving Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine- ABC

[PilliBeta]

58 minutes ago, MagaMaharaju said:

@PilliBeta can you also explain Cytokine storm with cartoons 

Cytokines are basically molecules that cells use to communicate and are the first response for most cells. A specialized subset of B cells called plasma cells produce antibodies specific to a virus. 

However, a lot of other innate cells like NK Cells, ILCs, pDCs also produce cytokines as the first defense mechanism (innate immune response).  

These innate cells (NK cells, ILCs, pDCs) have receptors on them that recognize cytokines. So, if one cell produces some cytokine, it is then sensed by other cells and they produce more of the same cytokine. It is kind of a feedback loop where all these cell produce tons of cytokine since they are all sensing the cytokine produced and producing more cytokine.  

In case of COVID, the patients that are admitted to the ICU are the ones that the innate immune response is so high that this feedback loop kept on creating more cytokine production, aka cytokine storm. 

In patients that are not admitted to the ICU, they might have an adaptive immune response involving T cells (see my previous comment). However, these patients may not have had the memory T cells in the bone marrow which is why they need to be vaccinated as well. 

 

[ARYA]

2 hours ago, tom bhayya said:

andhukey we have to wait for Johnson & Johnson vaccine which needs only 1 shot, this 2 shots cotton business is waste yavvaram 

Appati daka urine apukolekapotunaru anta Anna

[MagaMaharaju]

22 minutes ago, PilliBeta said:

Cytokines are basically molecules that cells use to communicate and are the first response for most cells. A specialized subset of B cells called plasma cells produce antibodies specific to a virus. 

However, a lot of other cells like NK Cells, ILCs, pDCs also produce cytokines as the first defense mechanism (innate immune response).  

These innate cells (NK cells, ILCs, pDCs) have receptors on them that recognize cytokines. So, if one cell produces some cytokine, it is then sensed by other cells and they produce more of the same cytokine. It is kind of a feedback loop where all these cell produce tons of cytokine since they are all sensing the cytokine produced and producing more cytokine.  

In case of COVID, the patients that are admitted to the ICU are the ones that the innate immune response is so high that this feedback loop kept on creating more cytokine production, aka cytokine storm. 

In patients that are not admitted to the ICU, they might have an adaptive immune response involving T cells (see my previous comment). However, these patients may not have had the memory T cells in the bone marrow which is why they need to be vaccinated as well. 

 

[Pappu_Packitmaar]

3 hours ago, Assam_Bhayya said:

  it’s going to take about about 10 to 14 days for you to start to develop protection from the vaccine,” . . . . 

 

@PilliBeta can you PLEASE explain what the vaccine do in body do for 14 days and how does that administered works in the body? Does that not interfere with the human body cells? 

ide vichaitram ante...emergency authorization ani clearence ichi, two dose ani cheppi...mundu okati esuko..work ayedi matram second shot tarvate ani...95% efficacy antaru...

ie vaccine gitla edo teda kodtundi...sappuda kakunta inko 6 nelalu gadisthe kani seppalem...

[PilliBeta]

9 minutes ago, Pappu_Packitmaar said:

ide vichaitram ante...emergency authorization ani clearence ichi, two dose ani cheppi...mundu okati esuko..work ayedi matram second shot tarvate ani...95% efficacy antaru...

ie vaccine gitla edo teda kodtundi...sappuda kakunta inko 6 nelalu gadisthe kani seppalem...

 

2 hours ago, PilliBeta said:

The vaccine is first uptaken by myeloid cells called dendritic cells, they are everywhere in the skin. These cells are on the look out for anything foreign.

When they find something foreign, they process it (in this case the vaccine) and produce antigen. Then they go to the lymph node to find a T cell. Our body has T cells for every antigen you can possibly think of, so  the dendritic cell finds a T cell that has a receptor for that particular antigen. 

Once it finds the right T cells, it passes on the antigen to the T cells and the T cells are activated.

Once these T cells are activated, they expand and are produced in large numbers. Most of the T cells produced are effector T cells that leave the lymph node and go to the blood stream, they are always on alert to find the virus that matches the antigen they have. 

However most of the effector T cells die after the infection leaves the body (in this case the vaccine). When the infection is cleared, some of the T cells also become memory T cells and go to the bone marrow. In case of reinfection, they recognize the same antigen. 

 

The memory T cells go the lymph node and expand again to produce effector T cells, since effector T cells are the cells that can kill the virus. Memory T cells are self renewed in the bone marrow for later possible infections.