Poola Rangadu...itu Raa

[kulapicchi]

[quote name='POOLA RANGADU' timestamp='1326753930' post='1301314140']


NAVVU...= LAUGH....

nee tikka kudarchaali ante...ila kaadu...idi chaduvu.. .. SOURCE : WIKI


[b]Laughing[/b] is a reaction to certain stimuli. Traditionally, it is considered a visual expression of [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happiness"]happiness[/url], or an inward feeling of joy.[sup][[i][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"]citation needed[/url][/i]][/sup] It may ensue from hearing a [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joke"]joke[/url], being [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tickling"]tickled[/url], or other stimuli.
Laughter is a part of [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_behavior"]human behavior[/url] regulated by the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain"]brain[/url], helping humans clarify their intentions in [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_interaction"]social interaction[/url][sup][[i][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"]citation needed[/url][/i]][/sup] and providing an emotional context to conversations.[sup][[i][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"]citation needed[/url][/i]][/sup] Laughter is used as a signal for being part of a group — it signals acceptance and positive interactions with others.[sup][[i][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"]citation needed[/url][/i]][/sup] Laughter is sometimes seen as contagious, and the laughter of one person can itself provoke laughter from others as a [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_feedback"]positive feedback[/url].[sup][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#cite_note-0"][1][/url][/sup] This may account in part for the popularity of [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laugh_track"]laugh tracks[/url] in [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situation_comedy"]situation comedy[/url]television shows.[sup][[i][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"]citation needed[/url][/i]][/sup]
Laughter is anatomically caused by the epiglottis constricting the larynx.[sup][[i][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"]citation needed[/url][/i]][/sup]
The study of humor and laughter, and its psychological and physiological effects on the human body, is called [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelotology"]gelotology[/url].
[center]
[b] Contents[/b]
[size=2] [[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#"]hide[/url]] [/size][/center]
[list]
[*][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#Nature_of_laughter"]1 Nature of laughter[/url]
[*][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#Laughter_and_the_brain"]2 Laughter and the brain[/url]
[*][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#Laughter_and_health"]3 Laughter and health[/url]
[*][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#Causes"]4 Causes[/url]
[*][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#Human_Laugh_Structure_and_Anatomy"]5 Human Laugh Structure and Anatomy[/url]
[*][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#Negative_aspects"]6 Negative aspects[/url]
[*][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#See_also"]7 See also[/url]
[*][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#References"]8 References[/url]
[*][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#Further_reading"]9 Further reading[/url]
[*][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#External_links"]10 External links[/url]
[/list]
[b] [size=3][[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laughter&action=edit&section=1"]edit[/url]][/size]Nature of laughter[/b]



[center][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Laughter_by_David_Shankbone.jpg"][img]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Laughter_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/150px-Laughter_by_David_Shankbone.jpg[/img][/url][/center]
[left]
[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Laughter_by_David_Shankbone.jpg"][img]http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png[/img][/url]Laughter is a common response to [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tickling"]tickling[/url][/left]




[left]
[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Laughter_2_by_David_Shankbone.jpg"][img]http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png[/img][/url]Two girls laughing[/left]


Children are known to laugh a great deal more than adults: an average baby laughs around 300 times a day compared to an average adult, who laughs around 20 times a day, however this can depend on a person's personality. According to some studies, the onset of adulthood causes a gradual change characterized by increased seriousness and a diminished engagement in laughter.[sup][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#cite_note-1"][2][/url][/sup] Laughter is an audible expression or appearance of excitement, an inward feeling of joy. It may ensue from [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joke"]jokes[/url], [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tickling"]tickling[/url], and other stimuli. Researchers have shown infants as early as 17 days old have vocal laughing sounds or laughter.[sup][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#cite_note-2"][3][/url][/sup] It conflicts with earlier studies indicating that infants usually start to laugh at about four months of age. Laughter researcher [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Provine&action=edit&redlink=1"]Robert Provine[/url] said: "Laughter is a mechanism everyone has; laughter is part of universal human vocabulary. There are thousands of languages, hundreds of thousands of dialects, but everyone speaks laughter in pretty much the same way.” Babies have the ability to laugh before they ever speak. Children who are born blind and deaf still retain the ability to laugh.[sup][[i][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"]citation needed[/url][/i]][/sup]
Provine argues that “Laughter is primitive, an unconscious vocalization.” Provine argues that it probably is genetic. In a study of the “Giggle Twins”, two happy [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin"]twins[/url] who were separated at birth and only reunited 43 years later, Provine reports that “until they met each other, neither of these exceptionally happy ladies had known anyone who laughed as much as she did.” They reported this even though they both had been brought together by their adoptive parents, who they indicated were “undemonstrative and dour.” He indicates that the twins “inherited some aspects of their laugh sound and pattern, readiness to laugh, and maybe even taste in humor.”[sup][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#cite_note-3"][4][/url][/sup]
[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Cousins"]Norman Cousins[/url] developed a recovery program incorporating megadoses of Vitamin C, along with a positive attitude, love, faith, hope, and laughter induced by Marx Brothers films. "I made the joyous discovery that ten minutes of genuine belly laughter had an anesthetic effect and would give me at least two hours of pain-free sleep," he reported. "When the pain-killing effect of the laughter wore off, we would switch on the motion picture projector again and not infrequently, it would lead to another pain-free interval."[sup][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#cite_note-4"][5][/url][/sup][sup][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#cite_note-5"][6][/url][/sup]
Scientists have noted the similarity in forms of laughter induced by tickling among various [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primate"]primates[/url], which suggests that laughter derives from a common origin among primate species.[sup][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#cite_note-6"][7][/url][/sup][sup][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#cite_note-7"][8][/url][/sup]
A very rare neurological condition has been observed whereby the sufferer is unable to laugh out loud, a condition known as aphonogelia.[sup][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#cite_note-8"][9][/url][/sup]
[b] [size=3][[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laughter&action=edit&section=2"]edit[/url]][/size]Laughter and the brain[/b]



[left]
[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray728.svg"]http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png[/url]Principal fissures and lobes of the[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrum"]cerebrum[/url] viewed laterally. (Frontal lobe is blue, temporal lobe is green.)[/left]


[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurophysiology"]Neurophysiology[/url] indicates that laughter is linked with the activation of the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventromedial_prefrontal_cortex"]ventromedial[/url] [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefrontal_cortex"]prefrontal cortex[/url], that produces [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endorphin"]endorphins[/url].[sup][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#cite_note-9"][10][/url][/sup]Scientists have shown that parts of the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbic_system"]limbic system[/url] are involved in laughter. This system is involved in emotions and helps us with functions necessary for humans' survival. The structures in the limbic system that are involved in laughter: the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus"]hippocampus[/url] and the[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amygdala"]amygdala[/url].[sup][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#cite_note-10"][11][/url][/sup]
The December 7, 1984, Journal of the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Medical_Association"]American Medical Association[/url] describes the neurological causes of laughter as follows: "Although there is no known 'laugh center' in the brain, its neural mechanism has been the subject of much, albeit inconclusive, speculation. It is evident that its expression depends on [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neural_path&action=edit&redlink=1"]neural paths[/url] arising in close association with the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telencephalon"]telencephalic[/url] and [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diencephalon"]diencephalic[/url]centers concerned with [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiration_(physiology)"]respiration[/url]. Wilson considered the mechanism to be in the region of the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mesial_thalamus&action=edit&redlink=1"]mesial thalamus[/url], [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamus"]hypothalamus[/url], and[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subthalamus"]subthalamus[/url]. Kelly and co-workers, in turn, postulated that the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegmentum"]tegmentum[/url] near the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periaqueductal_grey"]periaqueductal grey[/url] contains the integrating mechanism for emotional expression. Thus, supranuclear pathways, including those from the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbic_system"]limbic system[/url] that Papez hypothesised to mediate emotional expressions such as laughter, probably come into [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synapse"]synaptic[/url] relation in the reticular core of the brain stem. So while purely emotional responses such as laughter are mediated by subcortical structures, especially the hypothalamus, and are stereotyped, the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_cortex"]cerebral cortex[/url] can modulate or suppress them."
[b] [size=3][[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laughter&action=edit&section=3"]edit[/url]][/size]Laughter and health[/b]



[center][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bush_and_Berlusconi_share_toast_(2008-10-13).jpg"]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Bush_and_Berlusconi_share_toast_%282008-10-13%29.jpg/200px-Bush_and_Berlusconi_share_toast_%282008-10-13%29.jpg[/url][/center]
[left]
[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bush_and_Berlusconi_share_toast_(2008-10-13).jpg"]http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png[/url]Bush and Berlusconi laughing[/left]


A link between laughter and healthy function of blood vessels was first reported in 2005 by researchers at the University of Maryland Medical Center with the fact that laughter causes the dilatation of the inner lining of blood vessels, the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelium"]endothelium[/url], and increases blood flow.[sup][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#cite_note-11"][12][/url][/sup] Drs. Michael Miller (University of Maryland) and William Fry (Stanford), theorize that beta-endorphin like compounds released by the hypothalamus activate receptors on the endothelial surface to release nitric oxide, thereby resulting in dilation of vessels. Other cardioprotective properties of nitric oxide include reduction of inflammation and decreased platelet aggregation.[sup][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#cite_note-12"][13][/url][/sup][sup][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#cite_note-13"][14][/url][/sup]
Laughter has also been shown to have beneficial effects on various other aspects of biochemistry. For example, laughter has been shown to lead to reductions in stress hormones such as [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortisol"]cortisol[/url] and [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epinephrine"]epinephrine[/url]. When laughing the brain also releases [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endorphins"]endorphins[/url] that can relieve some physical pain.[sup][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#cite_note-14"][15][/url][/sup] Laughter also boosts the number of antibody-producing cells and enhances the effectiveness of T-cells, leading to a stronger immune system.[sup][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#cite_note-Smith_Lee-15"][16][/url][/sup]
[b] [size=3][[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laughter&action=edit&section=4"]edit[/url]][/size]Causes[/b]


[center][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AdvertYoungsTheHatterVictorianEraBridgeportCT.jpg"]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/AdvertYoungsTheHatterVictorianEraBridgeportCT.jpg/220px-AdvertYoungsTheHatterVictorianEraBridgeportCT.jpg[/url][/center]
[left]
[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AdvertYoungsTheHatterVictorianEraBridgeportCT.jpg"]http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.18/common/images/magnify-clip.png[/url]Late 19th century or early 20th century depiction of different stages of laughter on advertising cards[/left]


Common causes for laughter are sensations of [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happiness"]joy[/url] and [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humor"]humor[/url]; however, other situations may cause laughter as well.
A general theory that explains laughter is called the [b]relief theory[/b]. [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud"]Sigmund Freud[/url] summarized it in his theory that laughter releases tension and "psychic energy". This theory is one of the justifications of the beliefs that laughter is beneficial for one's health.[sup][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#cite_note-mn2002-16"][17][/url][/sup] This theory explains why laughter can be used as a [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coping_mechanism"]coping mechanism[/url] when one is upset, [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angry"]angry[/url] or [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sad"]sad[/url].
[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosopher"]Philosopher[/url] [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Morreall"]John Morreall[/url] theorizes that human laughter may have its biological origins as a kind of shared expression of relief at the passing of danger. [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche"]Friedrich Nietzsche[/url], by contrast, suggested laughter to be a reaction to the sense of [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existentialism"]existential[/url] loneliness and mortality that only humans feel.
For example: a [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joke"]joke[/url] creates an [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inconsistency"]inconsistency[/url] and the audience automatically try to understand what the inconsistency means; if they are successful in solving this 'cognitive [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riddle"]riddle[/url]' and they realize that the [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surprise_factor"]surprise[/url] was not dangerous, they [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic_relief"]laugh with relief[/url]. Otherwise, if the inconsistency is not resolved, there is no laugh, as [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mack_Sennett"]Mack Sennett[/url] pointed out: "when the audience is confused, it doesn't laugh". This is one of the basic [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joke#Rules"]laws of a comedian[/url], referred to "exactness". It is important to note that sometimes the inconsistency may be resolved and there may still be no laugh. Because laughter is a social mechanism, an audience may not feel as if they are in danger, and the laugh may not occur. In addition, the extent of the inconsistency (and aspects of it timing and rhythm) has to do with the amount of danger the audience feels, and how hard or long they laugh. This explanation is confirmed by modern [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurophysiology"]neurophysiology[/url] in the study of [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#Laughter_and_the_brain"]laughter and the brain[/url].
Laughter can also be brought on by [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tickling"]tickling[/url]. Although it's found unpleasant by most people, being tickled often causes heavy laughter which is thought to be a reflex of the body, and is often uncontrollable.[sup][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#cite_note-17"][18][/url][/sup][sup][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#cite_note-18"][19][/url][/sup]
[b] [size=3][[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laughter&action=edit&section=5"]edit[/url]][/size]Human Laugh Structure and Anatomy[/b]

A normal laugh has the structure of “ha-ha-ha” or “ho-ho-ho.” It is unnatural, and one is physically unable to have a laugh structure of “ha-ho-ha-ho.” The usual variations of a laugh most often occur in the first or final note in a sequence- therefore, “ho-ha-ha” or “ha-ha-ho” laughs are possible. Normal note durations with unusually long or short “inter-note intervals” do not happen due to the result of the limitations of our vocal cords. This basic structure allows one to recognize a laugh despite individual variants.[sup][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#cite_note-Provine-19"][20][/url][/sup]
It has also been determined that eyes moisten during laughter as a reflex from the tear glands.[sup][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#cite_note-Smith_Lee-15"][16][/url][/sup]
[b] [size=3][[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laughter&action=edit&section=6"]edit[/url]][/size]Negative aspects[/b]

Laughter is not always a pleasant experience and is associated with several negative phenomena. Excessive laughter can lead to [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataplexy"]cataplexy[/url], and unpleasant laughter “spells”, excessive elation, and fits of laughter can all be considered negative aspects of laughter. Unpleasant laughter spells, or “sham mirth,” usually occur in people who have a neurological condition; including patients with [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudobulbar_palsy"]pseudobulbar palsy[/url], [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis"]multiple sclerosis[/url] and [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinson%E2%80%99s_disease"]Parkinson’s disease[/url]. These patients appear to be laughing out of amusement but report that they are feeling undesirable sensations “at the time of the punch line". Excessive elation is a common symptom associated with [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manic-depressive"]manic-depressive[/url] psychoses and [url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mania"]mania[/url]/[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypomania"]hypomania[/url]. Those who suffer from schizophrenic psychoses seem to suffer the opposite- they do not understand humor or get any joy out of it. A fit describes an abnormal time when one cannot control the laughter or one’s body- sometimes leading to seizures or a brief period of unconsciousness. Some believe that fits of laughter represent a form of epilepsy.[sup][url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter#cite_note-20"][21][/url][/sup]
[b] [font=sans-serif][size=3][[url="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laughter&action=edit&section=7"]edit[/url]][/size][/font][/b]
[/quote]

naa thikkani kudharchadaaniki chhala mandhi try chesaaru .....nuv lite theesuko......naa bhaada bharinchakey hangu gaadu kiddu gaadu db nundi jump...adhi thelusuko???

[POOLA RANGADU]

nuvvu lite teesko inka...naa time waste neetho disco cheesi...poor qaulity saruku..entertainment kuda raavatla...!

[kulapicchi]

[quote name='POOLA RANGADU' timestamp='1326754133' post='1301314145']
nuvvu lite teesko inka...naa time waste neetho disco cheesi...poor qaulity saruku..entertainment kuda raavatla...!
[/quote]

repu morning raa...apuudu thelusthadhi naa entertainment ela untadho ani.....

[kulapicchi]

[quote name='POOLA RANGADU' timestamp='1326754133' post='1301314145']
nuvvu lite teesko inka...naa time waste neetho disco cheesi...poor qaulity saruku..entertainment kuda raavatla...!
[/quote]

saraku ahh???

super market lo pani chesthunnavaa???

[POOLA RANGADU]

[quote name='kulapicchi' timestamp='1326754200' post='1301314146']
repu morning raa...apuudu thelusthadhi naa entertainment ela untadho ani.....
[/quote]



[quote name='kulapicchi' timestamp='1326754063' post='1301314143']
naa thikkani kudharchadaaniki chhala mandhi try chesaaru .....nuv lite theesuko......[b]naa bhaada bharinchakey hangu gaadu kiddu gaadu db nundi jump...adhi thelusuko???[/b]
[/quote]

ha ha...3rd party reference lu vaddu...u havent dealt with me..and i am not willing to give u dat chance either. u dont deserve it. nee valla..members vellipoyaaru ani nuvvu garvam gaa cheptunteene artham ayyindi...ninnu already IGNORE LOST lo pettaa...soo.. nuvvu em post lu vesukunna naaku anavsaram...ekkuva maatladitee..REPORT chestaa...already..oka ID assaam aynattu undi..idi kudaa pothundi...

[kulapicchi]

report ah??? lol

[tom bhayya]

[kulapicchi]

ledhu ledhu....neeku nenu repu calling vestha.....nuvvu raavalsindhey..anthey.....

CBN valley us ki vaccha nenu lol.....aney bhrama lo unnav....ammesthadu jaagrathaa.....

[Maximus]

[img]http://i39.tinypic.com/1emn40.jpg[/img]

[Jaggu Bhai]

[quote name='kulapicchi' timestamp='1326754787' post='1301314158']
ledhu ledhu....neeku nenu repu calling vestha.....nuvvu raavalsindhey..anthey.....

CBN valley us ki vaccha nenu lol.....aney bhrama lo unnav....ammesthadu jaagrathaa.....
[/quote]

Tippy sultan gadu essay essay lu rastadu

Final ga seppedi CBN JP gadi vadi Valle odipoyadu

Ledu antey EVM Lu valla odipoyadu

[kulapicchi]

[quote name='Jaggu Bhai' timestamp='1326767012' post='1301314314']


Tippy sultan gadu essay essay lu rastadu

Final ga seppedi CBN JP gadi vadi Valle odipoyadu

Ledu antey EVM Lu valla odipoyadu
[/quote]
BN.....10 years oppasition lo koorchobettadu YSR....inaa siggu vasthaledhu