ANDHRA - A GONE CASE

[ARYA]

 

HomeEconomy'Rising debt, low revenue' — delay in salaries of govt employees highlights...

EconomyIndiaGovernanceThe FinePrint

‘Rising debt, low revenue’ — delay in salaries of govt employees highlights Andhra’s fiscal trouble

 

RBI while analysing financial status of states last year termed Andhra as one of top 10 high-debt states. According to CAG it used 65-81% borrowings for debt repayment between 2016-17 & 2020-21.

RISHIKA SADAM

27 January, 2023 05:57 pm IST

File photo of Andhra Pradesh CM YS Jagan Mohan Reddy chairing a Cabinet meet | Representational image |

---

Where Andhra is going wrong

The state government’s debts have been ballooning for the past few years. Andhra Pradesh’s debt in 2014, at the time of bifurcation and creation of Telangana, was 97,000 crore rupees. In five years, till 2019, under the former Chandrababu Naidu-led government, it jumpedto 2.59 lakh crore rupees. The latest estimates show that it has almost doubled in the past four years.

Economic slowdown, even before the pandemic, was one reason for the state’s mounting debt and lower revenues. And the termination of Goods and Services Tax (GST) compensation to states in June last year will make matters worse, said experts. Another factor contributing to the slowdown is the central Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY) scheme, which allows states that own power distribution companies to take over 75 per cent of those companies’ debt accrued till September 2015, and pay the lenders back by selling bonds.

The state’s net debt for FY 2022-23 was estimated at Rs 4.85 lakh crore, up from Rs 3.98 lakh crore in FY 2021-22.

Terming Andhra Pradesh as one of the states with the highest debt burden, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) had flagged the state’s high debt-to-GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product) ratio — an indicator of a state’s capability to fund its expenditure without depending further on debt. A lower debt-to-GSDP ratio indicates better sustainability.

Where did Andhra Pradesh fail to balance its finances? Economic and political analyst D. Papa Rao pointed out that the state was already in a revenue deficit situation when Andhra Pradesh was bifurcated in 2014.

“Both (Chandrababu) Naidu and Jagan do not have a development model vision for the state. When Andhra was bifurcated, the state was already in revenue deficit condition. Naidu’s large share of focus was on the capital which was just one part of the state and did not materialise, there was no policy outlook. Then when Jagan came in, his focus was welfare schemes which will help him politically in the next election,” he told ThePrint.

An analysys the state’s finances, based on budget sheets, show that from FY 2021-22 show Andhra Pradesh’s expenditure exceeds the revenue it earns, and the additional expenditure could have been funded through debt and borrowings.

Simply put, a state’s budget is split between its revenue expenditure and capital expenditure (CapEx). While revenue expenditure covers salaries, interest payments, and allocation for welfare schemes, capital expenditure is the money spent on infrastructure projects, education, health sector, agricultural projects.

While revenue expenditure yields no returns to the government, focus on capital expenditure is expected to yield returns, albeit in the long run.

For instance, in FY 2021-22 (considering estimates available in last year’s budget), revenue (estimate) was Rs 1,54,273 crore, but the revenue expenditure (estimate) was Rs 1,73,818 crore — meaning the state would have spent Rs 19,545 crore more than what it earned, similar to the state of its fiscal health the previous year (Fy 2020-21). In such a situation, any state has to resort to loans or debt to fund the additional expenditure.

Moreover, Andhra Pradesh allotted Rs 18,529 crore as capital expenditure, to be funded through borrowings or loans in FY 2021-22. Another Rs 48,083.92 crore — about 30.5 per cent of revenue — was set aside for welfare schemes and freebies in that same fiscal year, similar to the allocation for welfare schemes in the state’s annual budget for FY 2022-23.

In FY 2021-22, interest payments and pensions accounted for about 20 per cent of revenue expenditure. Though it is counted as revenue expenditure, the state did not disclose the amount spent on salaries that year.

In contrast, the state spent about 31 per cent of its revenue on interest payments and pensions, and another 9.9 per cent on salaries in FY 2020-21.

In the FY 2022-23 budget estimates, Andhra government pegged its revenue at Rs 1,91,225 crore and expenditure at Rs 2,08,261 crore — extra spending of Rs 17,361 crore, besides another additional spending of Rs 30,680 crore on capital expenditure.

Fiscal deficit, a measure which indicates the difference between the income and expenditure, has been on the uptick in the state for the past four years. RBI, in one of its reports, said Andhra’s fiscal deficit exceeded the limit in set by the 15th Finance Commission in 2020-2021. The situation in current FY is expected to be a bit better, comparatively.

An analysis of the state’s debt over the years shows that an average 27 per cent of the debt raised in a particular year is being spent on interest rates alone. And with every passing year, the debt is rising, as are the interest rates, but with very minimal wealth creation in the state, which can be measured in terms of CapEx.

Why Andhra Pradesh has fallen short of generating adequate revenue is another key question stemming from where things stand.

Andhra going the ‘Sri Lanka’ way?

Experts pointed out that the striking imbalance between Andhra Pradesh’s revenue expenditure and CapEx is a matter of concern.

“Andhra Pradesh financially is in a tough situation. Lot of importance is being given to welfare schemes,” Krishna Reddy Chittedi, assistant professor at the School of Economics, University of Hyderabad, told ThePrint.

“Ideally, 30-40 per cent (of revenue) should be spent on CapEx (which can yield returns for the government) and if that can be maintained, a state can be considered healthy. Rest of it can be on revenue expenditure. But if you look at the figures, that’s not the case.”

He added, how can the state clear its debt easily when it is “evident” that it is largely dependent on borrowings and loans to sustain its expenditure.

“It’s like fresh loans are being raised and part of it is being used to make interest payments. Revenue-generating sources are minimal and so is focus on wealth creation. how long can the state depend on loans when it is unable to pay them back,” he remarked.

The opposition has in the past criticised the YSRCP government by suggesting that Andhra Pradesh might head the ‘Sri Lanka way’ in a few years if this fiscal crisis continued.

The RBI, following the Sri Lankan financial crisis, had last year analysed states’ financial status and termed Andhra Pradesh as one of the top 10 high-debt states in the country.

Stressing on the need for income and wealth creation, the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) said in a 2021 report that Andhra used approximately 65 to 81 per cent of borrowed funds for repayment of debt during FY 2016-17 and FY 2020-21, indicating that it was borrowing primarily to restructure previous debts, rather than for infrastructure creation.

The report also said that the state had exceeded its own Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act targets.

“Borrowed funds should ideally be used to fund capital creation and developmental activities. Using borrowed funds for meeting current consumption and repayment of interest on outstanding debt is not sustainable,” the CAG had noted.

There are at least twenty welfare schemes in Andhra Pradesh which can be classified as direct cash transfer or indirect monetary benefit schemes. As of May 2021, nearly two years after coming to power in the state, the YSRCP government had reportedly spent about Rs 1.31 lakh crore on direct and indirect welfare schemes.

Among these are ‘Amma Vodi’ — annual cash benefit to mothers for sending children to government schools — and the ‘YSR Cheyutha’ — financial assistance of Rs 75,000 for women aged 45-60 years hailing from SC, ST, BC, and minority communities, to improve their livelihood.

Another such welfare scheme is the ‘YSR Vahana Mithra’, which provides financial assistance of Rs 10,000 per annum to self-owned auto/taxi drivers to meet expenses incurred on insurance, fitness certificate, repairs, and other requirements. There are similar schemes for weavers, among others.

“We cannot generalise all welfare schemes as freebies, nor are we against the idea of welfare. But, are the welfare schemes helping in eradicating poverty, is the government seeing a reduction in PDS (public distribution system) card holders, are they really making families financially independent is the question. At this point it looks like people are dependent on the government for money. State is not creating any employment in the state or skill development which can benefit it in the long run,” claimed Reddy.

Telugu Desam Party (TDP) leader and former state finance minister Yanamala Ramakrishnudu had alleged last year that the growth rate of Andhra when TDP handed it over to YSRCP (10.2 per cent) is now at minus 2 per cent. Citing previous CAG reports, he had also alleged that there has been misappropriation of funds in the state, claiming that nearly Rs 1,00,000 crore worth of expenditure is unaccounted for in Andhra Pradesh.

The RBI in a report earlier this month said states’ fiscal deficit could narrow  in FY 2022-2023, and the debt burden may ease as a result of broad economic recovery and higher revenues.

(Edited by Amrtansh Arora)

---

Also Read: NTR vs YSR & Naidu factor: How Jagan’s plan to rename university reopened old wounds, feuds

---

 

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[RedThupaki]

raajannaaa raaajyaammma...

redddnnaa osthey varshaaalu padathia..

reddanna osthey anii khulalala baagu paduthai...

[JackSeal]

3 minutes ago, ARYA said:

 

HomeEconomy'Rising debt, low revenue' — delay in salaries of govt employees highlights...

EconomyIndiaGovernanceThe FinePrint

‘Rising debt, low revenue’ — delay in salaries of govt employees highlights Andhra’s fiscal trouble

 

RBI while analysing financial status of states last year termed Andhra as one of top 10 high-debt states. According to CAG it used 65-81% borrowings for debt repayment between 2016-17 & 2020-21.

RISHIKA SADAM

27 January, 2023 05:57 pm IST

File photo of Andhra Pradesh CM YS Jagan Mohan Reddy chairing a Cabinet meet | Representational image |

---

Where Andhra is going wrong

The state government’s debts have been ballooning for the past few years. Andhra Pradesh’s debt in 2014, at the time of bifurcation and creation of Telangana, was 97,000 crore rupees. In five years, till 2019, under the former Chandrababu Naidu-led government, it jumpedto 2.59 lakh crore rupees. The latest estimates show that it has almost doubled in the past four years.

Economic slowdown, even before the pandemic, was one reason for the state’s mounting debt and lower revenues. And the termination of Goods and Services Tax (GST) compensation to states in June last year will make matters worse, said experts. Another factor contributing to the slowdown is the central Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY) scheme, which allows states that own power distribution companies to take over 75 per cent of those companies’ debt accrued till September 2015, and pay the lenders back by selling bonds.

The state’s net debt for FY 2022-23 was estimated at Rs 4.85 lakh crore, up from Rs 3.98 lakh crore in FY 2021-22.

Terming Andhra Pradesh as one of the states with the highest debt burden, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) had flagged the state’s high debt-to-GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product) ratio — an indicator of a state’s capability to fund its expenditure without depending further on debt. A lower debt-to-GSDP ratio indicates better sustainability.

Where did Andhra Pradesh fail to balance its finances? Economic and political analyst D. Papa Rao pointed out that the state was already in a revenue deficit situation when Andhra Pradesh was bifurcated in 2014.

“Both (Chandrababu) Naidu and Jagan do not have a development model vision for the state. When Andhra was bifurcated, the state was already in revenue deficit condition. Naidu’s large share of focus was on the capital which was just one part of the state and did not materialise, there was no policy outlook. Then when Jagan came in, his focus was welfare schemes which will help him politically in the next election,” he told ThePrint.

An analysys the state’s finances, based on budget sheets, show that from FY 2021-22 show Andhra Pradesh’s expenditure exceeds the revenue it earns, and the additional expenditure could have been funded through debt and borrowings.

Simply put, a state’s budget is split between its revenue expenditure and capital expenditure (CapEx). While revenue expenditure covers salaries, interest payments, and allocation for welfare schemes, capital expenditure is the money spent on infrastructure projects, education, health sector, agricultural projects.

While revenue expenditure yields no returns to the government, focus on capital expenditure is expected to yield returns, albeit in the long run.

For instance, in FY 2021-22 (considering estimates available in last year’s budget), revenue (estimate) was Rs 1,54,273 crore, but the revenue expenditure (estimate) was Rs 1,73,818 crore — meaning the state would have spent Rs 19,545 crore more than what it earned, similar to the state of its fiscal health the previous year (Fy 2020-21). In such a situation, any state has to resort to loans or debt to fund the additional expenditure.

Moreover, Andhra Pradesh allotted Rs 18,529 crore as capital expenditure, to be funded through borrowings or loans in FY 2021-22. Another Rs 48,083.92 crore — about 30.5 per cent of revenue — was set aside for welfare schemes and freebies in that same fiscal year, similar to the allocation for welfare schemes in the state’s annual budget for FY 2022-23.

In FY 2021-22, interest payments and pensions accounted for about 20 per cent of revenue expenditure. Though it is counted as revenue expenditure, the state did not disclose the amount spent on salaries that year.

In contrast, the state spent about 31 per cent of its revenue on interest payments and pensions, and another 9.9 per cent on salaries in FY 2020-21.

In the FY 2022-23 budget estimates, Andhra government pegged its revenue at Rs 1,91,225 crore and expenditure at Rs 2,08,261 crore — extra spending of Rs 17,361 crore, besides another additional spending of Rs 30,680 crore on capital expenditure.

Fiscal deficit, a measure which indicates the difference between the income and expenditure, has been on the uptick in the state for the past four years. RBI, in one of its reports, said Andhra’s fiscal deficit exceeded the limit in set by the 15th Finance Commission in 2020-2021. The situation in current FY is expected to be a bit better, comparatively.

An analysis of the state’s debt over the years shows that an average 27 per cent of the debt raised in a particular year is being spent on interest rates alone. And with every passing year, the debt is rising, as are the interest rates, but with very minimal wealth creation in the state, which can be measured in terms of CapEx.

Why Andhra Pradesh has fallen short of generating adequate revenue is another key question stemming from where things stand.

Andhra going the ‘Sri Lanka’ way?

Experts pointed out that the striking imbalance between Andhra Pradesh’s revenue expenditure and CapEx is a matter of concern.

“Andhra Pradesh financially is in a tough situation. Lot of importance is being given to welfare schemes,” Krishna Reddy Chittedi, assistant professor at the School of Economics, University of Hyderabad, told ThePrint.

“Ideally, 30-40 per cent (of revenue) should be spent on CapEx (which can yield returns for the government) and if that can be maintained, a state can be considered healthy. Rest of it can be on revenue expenditure. But if you look at the figures, that’s not the case.”

He added, how can the state clear its debt easily when it is “evident” that it is largely dependent on borrowings and loans to sustain its expenditure.

“It’s like fresh loans are being raised and part of it is being used to make interest payments. Revenue-generating sources are minimal and so is focus on wealth creation. how long can the state depend on loans when it is unable to pay them back,” he remarked.

The opposition has in the past criticised the YSRCP government by suggesting that Andhra Pradesh might head the ‘Sri Lanka way’ in a few years if this fiscal crisis continued.

The RBI, following the Sri Lankan financial crisis, had last year analysed states’ financial status and termed Andhra Pradesh as one of the top 10 high-debt states in the country.

Stressing on the need for income and wealth creation, the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) said in a 2021 report that Andhra used approximately 65 to 81 per cent of borrowed funds for repayment of debt during FY 2016-17 and FY 2020-21, indicating that it was borrowing primarily to restructure previous debts, rather than for infrastructure creation.

The report also said that the state had exceeded its own Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act targets.

“Borrowed funds should ideally be used to fund capital creation and developmental activities. Using borrowed funds for meeting current consumption and repayment of interest on outstanding debt is not sustainable,” the CAG had noted.

There are at least twenty welfare schemes in Andhra Pradesh which can be classified as direct cash transfer or indirect monetary benefit schemes. As of May 2021, nearly two years after coming to power in the state, the YSRCP government had reportedly spent about Rs 1.31 lakh crore on direct and indirect welfare schemes.

Among these are ‘Amma Vodi’ — annual cash benefit to mothers for sending children to government schools — and the ‘YSR Cheyutha’ — financial assistance of Rs 75,000 for women aged 45-60 years hailing from SC, ST, BC, and minority communities, to improve their livelihood.

Another such welfare scheme is the ‘YSR Vahana Mithra’, which provides financial assistance of Rs 10,000 per annum to self-owned auto/taxi drivers to meet expenses incurred on insurance, fitness certificate, repairs, and other requirements. There are similar schemes for weavers, among others.

“We cannot generalise all welfare schemes as freebies, nor are we against the idea of welfare. But, are the welfare schemes helping in eradicating poverty, is the government seeing a reduction in PDS (public distribution system) card holders, are they really making families financially independent is the question. At this point it looks like people are dependent on the government for money. State is not creating any employment in the state or skill development which can benefit it in the long run,” claimed Reddy.

Telugu Desam Party (TDP) leader and former state finance minister Yanamala Ramakrishnudu had alleged last year that the growth rate of Andhra when TDP handed it over to YSRCP (10.2 per cent) is now at minus 2 per cent. Citing previous CAG reports, he had also alleged that there has been misappropriation of funds in the state, claiming that nearly Rs 1,00,000 crore worth of expenditure is unaccounted for in Andhra Pradesh.

The RBI in a report earlier this month said states’ fiscal deficit could narrow  in FY 2022-2023, and the debt burden may ease as a result of broad economic recovery and higher revenues.

(Edited by Amrtansh Arora)

---

Also Read: NTR vs YSR & Naidu factor: How Jagan’s plan to rename university reopened old wounds, feuds

---

 

Subscribe to our channels on YouTube & Telegram

Support Our Journalism

India needs fair, non-hyphenated and questioning journalism, packed with on-ground reporting. ThePrint – with exceptional reporters, columnists and editors – is doing just that.

Sustaining this needs support from wonderful readers like you.

Whether you live in India or overseas, you can take a paid subscription by clicking here.

Support Our Journalism 

• TAGS
• andhra pradesh
• Debt
• GSDP
• YSRCP

 

Substance of Print, Reach of Digital

Contact us: [email protected]

FOLLOW US

 

Copyright © 2022 Printline Media Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.

 

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• ValueAd
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• Terms of Use
• Privacy Policy

 

Systematic attack on telugu people by northie controlled paper. This is also trolling welfare scheme beneficiaries antunna @YSR_Lion

[raccharambola]

1 minute ago, JackSeal said:

Systematic attack on telugu people by northie controlled paper. This is also trolling welfare scheme beneficiaries antunna @YSR_Lion

what a covering uncle...

[Android_Halwa]

6 minutes ago, ARYA said:

Both (Chandrababu) Naidu and Jagan do not have a development model vision for the state. When Andhra was bifurcated, the state was already in revenue deficit condition. Naidu’s large share of focus was on the capital which was just one part of the state and did not materialise, there was no policy outlook. Then when Jagan came in, his focus was welfare schemes which will help him politically in the next election,” he told ThePrint.

LOL

Evadra Maa visionary ki vision ledu annindi…

Simple ga, apude puttina Andhra ki vision and future rendu lekunda chesindu CBN ani septunadu. 
 

CBN and Jaggadu intha worst ante Repu podduna PK inkentha disaster ayitado…adi chudadaniki aina PK CM kavali

[ARYA]

11 minutes ago, Android_Halwa said:

LOL

Evadra Maa visionary ki vision ledu annindi…

Simple ga, apude puttina Andhra ki vision and future rendu lekunda chesindu CBN ani septunadu. 
 

CBN and Jaggadu intha worst ante Repu podduna PK inkentha disaster ayitado…adi chudadaniki aina PK CM kavali

Endi PK CM itada...Anna Monday maarning ittanti joke lu masth high istai anna

[Kool_SRG]

Keep Calm and belive in *-*-*-  ani @ARYA  anthuke eppudo cheppinaadu...

[ARYA]

Just now, Kool_SRG said:

Keep Calm and belive in *-*-*-  ani @ARYA  anthuke eppudo cheppinaadu...

Lion Lokesh ni censor chesara

[Thokkalee]

Usually banks and other firms don’t give fresh loans to clear or restructure other loans or even make interest payments… Jaggad is doing some kirkiri here… state has gone to dogs anyway… 

[futureofandhra]

2 minutes ago, Thokkalee said:

Usually banks and other firms don’t give fresh loans to clear or restructure other loans or even make interest payments… Jaggad is doing some kirkiri here… state has gone to dogs anyway… 

2 hands tho employees 

Musugu batch guddaru

Jaggad showing pictures 

 

 

[Vaampire]

Thank you 🙏 cbn & jagga for m kudiping ap. Sachipondi mee idharu

[Kool_SRG]

22 minutes ago, ARYA said:

Lion Lokesh ni censor chesara

Just to be like a calm under current..

[futureofandhra]

34 minutes ago, ARYA said:

Lion Lokesh ni censor chesara

State gone Ani post vesi Loki ni trolling na lol musugu jaffas 

[andhra_jp]

Bihar, Kerala, Punjab, Rajasthan and West Bengal are most stressed fiscally says RBI...

Actually RBI expects Punjab to remain in the worst position, with its debt-GSDP ratio projected to exceed 45% in 2026-27, while Rajasthan, Kerala and West Bengal are projected to exceed 35%.

Based on the debt-GSDP ratio in 2020-21,  Punjab, Rajasthan, Kerala, West Bengal, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana turn out to be the states with the highest debt burden

[andhra_jp]

Annex 1: List of some recent Schemes of Financial Assistance/ Subsidies announced by the States
S. No.	Scheme	Description	Allocation for 2022-23 (BE) (in ₹ Crore)	As per cent of GSDP	As per Cent of Revenue Receipts	As per cent of Own Tax Revenue
ANDHRA PRADESH
1.	Jagananna Ammavodi	Financial assistance of ₹15000 to the students’ mother to encourage parents to send children to school	6,500	0.5	3.4	7.1
2.	YSR Aasra	Reimbursement of the outstanding bank loans of SHGs as on 11.04.2019	6,400	0.5	3.3	7.0
3.	Electricity Subsidy	Free power supply/ concessional power supply/ cash transfer for electricity for agriculture/ to horticulture farmers/aqua culture farmers.	5000	0.4	2.6	5.5
4.	YSR Cheyutha	Financial assistance of ₹75,000 to women in the age group of 45-60 years belonging to SC, ST, BC, and minorities to improve their livelihood.	4,236	0.3	2.2	4.7
5.	YSR Rythu Bharosa	Financial assistance of ₹7500 per farmer family including tenants and ₹13,500 to landless cultivators belonging to SC, ST, BC, Minorities.	3,900	0.3	2.0	4.3
6.	YSR Sunna Vaddi Panta Runalu	Subsidy on interest for crop loans up to ₹1,00,000 to the farmers.	500	0.0	0.3	0.5
7.	Dr. YSR Aarogya Aasara	Financial assistance of ₹225 per day as post-operative sustenance allowance to patients for the post-operation recovery period	300	0.0	0.2	0.3
8.	YSR Vahana Mitra	Financial assistance of ₹10,000 per annum to self-owned auto/taxi drivers for meeting expenses on insurance, fitness certificate, repairs, and other requirements.	260	0.0	0.1	0.3
9.	Financial support to religious persons	Salary and remuneration fund to Archakas and other employees	120	0.0	0.1	0.1
		Incentives to Imams and Mouzans	126	0.0	0.1	0.1
10.	YSR Nethanna Nestham	Financial assistance of ₹24,000/- per annum to every handloom owning weaver family to modernize equipment.	199	0.0	0.1	0.2
Total			27,541	2.1	14.4	30.3
BIHAR
1.	Sashakt mahila, Saksham mahila	Cash incentives to female students for completing senior secondary and graduation	900	0.1	0.5	2.2
2.	Mukhya Mantri Balika Cycle Yojana	Financial assistance of ₹3000 per female student	200	0.0	0.1	0.5
Total			1,100	0.1	0.6	2.7
JHARKHAND
1.	Electricity subsidy	Free electricity up to 100 units to farmers and poor	4,855	1.2	5.8	19.5
		Tariff subsidy to the consumers	1,800	0.4	2.2	7.2
2.	Guruji Credit Card Scheme	Soft loan up to loan up to ₹10 lakhs at a low interest rate without mortgage to student for pursuing higher education.	-
Total			6,655	1.7	8.0	26.7
KERALA
1.	Interest subsidy	On prompt repayment of agricultural loans taken from co-operative institutions	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total			50	0.0	0.0	0.1
MADHYA PRADESH
1.	Electricity subsidy	To farmers and domestic users	21,000	1.6	10.8	28.8
Total			21,000	1.6	10.8	28.8
PUNJAB20
1.	Electricity Subsidy	Free electricity up to 300 units to every household	5,000	0.8	5.2	13.4
2.	Waiver	Waive off pending electricity bills.	-
3.	Financial Assistance to Women	Financial assistance of ₹1000 to every adult woman for female empowerment	12,000	1.9	12.6	32.1
Total			17,000	2.7	17.8	45.4
RAJASTHAN
1.	Electricity subsidy	Free electricity up to 50 units for those consuming less than 100 units and concessional rates for higher consumption slab	4500	0.3	2.1	4.6
2.	Mukhya Mantri Digital Seva Yojana	Provision of free smart phones to the lady heads of the Chiranjeevi families for 3 years	2500	0.2	1.2	2.5
3.	Waivers	Farm loan waivers	1,000	0.1	0.5	1.0
4.	Indira Gandhi Matritave Poshan Yojana	Financial assistance of ₹6000 on birth of second child to pregnant women	210	0.0	0.1	0.2
5.	Mukhya Mantri Divyang Scooty Yojana Scheme, Kali Bal Bheel and Devnarayan Yojana	Provision of free scooties to students	170	0.0	0.1	0.2
6.	Rajasthan Krishi Shramik Sambal Mission	Financial assistance of ₹5000 to landless farmers to purchase agricultural equipment	100	0.0	0.0	0.1
7.	Byaj Maafi Yojana	Waiver of mandi charges
Total			8,480	0.6	3.9	8.6
WEST BENGAL
1.	Lakshmi Bhandar	Financial assistance of ₹1000 to every SC/ST woman and ₹500 to every other woman for their financial empowerment	10,767	0.6	5.4	13.6
2.	Krishak Bondhu	One Time Grant to the Family of Deceased Farmer under Krishak Bondhu	500	0.0	0.3	0.6
		Financial assistance of ₹10,000 to all farmers for agricultural purposes	4,994	0.3	2.5	6.3
3.	Kanyashree Prakalpa	Annual incentive of ₹75 and one-time grant of ₹25,000 to ensure that girls stay in school and delay their marriage until after 18 years of age.	1866.2	0.1	0.9	2.4
4.	Rupashree Prakalpa	Financial assistance of ₹25000 per indigent women for the purpose of marriage	750	0.0	0.4	0.9
Total			18,877	1.1	9.5	23.8
HARYANA
1.	Monthly stipend to SC/ BPL/BC students	monetary incentive to improve the educational avenues of the students and enhance their admission and retention.	242	0.0	0.2	0.3
3.	Mukhjya Manti Vivha Shagun Yojana	Financial assistance to poor families, widows, destitute women, sportspersons for the marriage of their daughters.	180	0.0	0.2	0.2
4.	Aapki Beti, Humari Beti (Ladli) Scheme	Financial assistance of ₹21,000 on birth of first and second girl child to SC and BPL families.	160	0.0	0.2	0.2
5.	Stipend to college students	Stipends of ₹1000 per month to all SC students in government college in the State for their upliftment and welfare.	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
6.	Free Bicycles	Provision of free bicycles to SC students in classes IX to XII.	6	0.0	0.0	0.0
7.	Scheme for Welfare of Scheduled Castes Families Fisheries Sector	Financial assistance will be provided to the fish farmers, fishermen and fish contractors of notified waters in the State.	5.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total			638.6	0.1	0.6	0.9
Note: Data for Punjab pertains to 2021-22 while for the other states it pertains to 2022-23 (BE). Source: Budget documents of the States.